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Ata'ollah Mohajerani
Dr. Ata'ollah Mohajerani , born 1954 in Arak, Iran, is an Iranian historian, politician, journalist, and author.

Mohajerani was Mohammad Khatami's first Minister of Culture and Islamic Guidance of Iran. He survived an impeachment by the 5th Majlis which was dominated by the conservatives but eventually resigned due to heavy criticisms by the Iranian Supreme Leader, Ayatollah Khamenei, because of his "liberal" policies. He also served as the speaker of the cabinet during that time. He later became the president of the Iranian International Centre for Dialogue among Civilizations, but resigned from the post possibly after ethical allegations. During his ministership, he officially announced and pursued a policy of "leniency" (Persian: تساهل و تسامح) towards the field of culture and arts and removed many restrictions. Publishers, film makers, musicians and artists in general, enjoyed vast freedoms (relative to the previous years of the Islamic Republic) during his term in office.
Dr. Mohajerani received his B.S. in History from University of Isfahan, his M.S. in History and Iranian Culture from Shiraz University and his PhD in History from Tarbiat Modares University.
Mohajerani has been a representative from Shiraz in the first round of the parliamentary elections after the Iranian Revolution, where he was among the very critical opponents of Abolhassan Banisadr. Later, he became the Parliamentary Deputy to the Prime Minister Mir-Hossein Mousavi, when he started to write the weekly column Naghd-e Haal in the Ettela'at newspaper, and then Vice President of Parliamentary Affairs under Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani.
He is a member and a founder of Executives of Construction Party, which is considered a backer of Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani.
Mohajerani participated in the burying of Mehdi Bazargan, when few Iranian officials dared doing so because of Bazargan's very unpopular status among the higher ranks of the Islamic Republic government.
He has written a few books, most famous of which are a book in critique of Salman Rushdie's Satanic Verses, a book in support of Ferdowsi (and against attacks by Ahmad Shamlou), and a book on Zaynab bint Ali's role in and after Aashurah. The mentioned books are considered by some critics to be actually official positions and opinions of the Islamic Republic government on the matters, not his personal ones.
He is married to Dr. Jamileh Kadivar, who is also a reformist politician and a former member of parliament. A scandal has been going on in July and August, 2004, about a possible second and third marriage by Mohajerani, to Mahsa Youssefi and Ms Valizadeh. Some people consider this a scandal to make him lose his public face, in order to remove him from the list of candidates for the Iranian presidential election of 2005, while others consider it a good reason for not trusting Mohajerani anymore with a political office. It should be noted that under the current Iranian law, it is allowed for a Muslim man to marry up to four women, but the act is considered unethical and backward in the major Iranian belief, especially among the intellectuals.

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Amir Kabir
Amir Kabir (1807 - January 11, 1852), also known as Mirza Taghi Khan Amir-Nezam, was the Prime minister of Persia (Iran) under Nasereddin Shah (The emperor). He was born in Hazaveh, a county of Arak.
His father, Karbalaee Ghorban, was a cook for Mirza Abu'l-Qasim Farahani Qá'im Maqam, a previous prime minister, this situation helped Mirza Taghi Khan learn many skills of the court.
Amir Kabir was sent to the Ottoman Empire to represent Persia in negotiations for an end to a hundred years of war between the two empires. He also helped Nasereddin Shah to receive the throne, so the Shah made him his chancellor and gave his sister to him in marriage.
Government expenditure was slashed, and a distinction was made between the privy and public purses. The instruments of central administration were overhauled, and Amir Kabir assumed responsibility for all areas of the bureaucracy. Additionally, Amir Kabir curtailed foreign interference in Iran's domestic affairs.
Amir Kabir started many reformistic movements in Persia. He founded Darolfonoon, the first European-style college in Persia. He also supported the foundation of the first Persian newspaper, vaghaye al etefaghiyeh, He established and planned for almost all of industries in Iran including steel factory, ship making, textile, weaponry, sugar, glass, Samovar, tea, Ceramic, etc that reduced importation specially from Russia. Amir Kabir established strict customs procedures to reduce importation from Britain and made a strong and stable economy. Amir Kabir implemented patent regulation for the first time in Iran to support inventors and industries and supplied them with loans and facilities. He enforced Quarantine and mandatory vaccination to prevent frequent outbreaks. He made improvements in military, in discipline, salaries and establishing Navy, and extended Persian influence in Northern and Eastern borders and captured Herat without using force by diplomacy. He made a very sophisticated intelligence service and fought against bribery, fraud and foreign interference. He strengthened the law, discipline and order and even fixed the Shah's salary. He fixed huge deficits by lapsing the huge salaries that members of the royal family were receiving from the national treasury, which caused the royals, led by the Shah's mother and Britain's spy Mirza Agha Khan Noori, to invent allegations against him. These people convinced the Shah to dismiss Amir Kabir and send him into internal exile in Kashan.
It is said that the Russian embassy offered him a refuge in Russia, which Amir Kabir declined. Later, when the Shah was drunk, the Shah's mother and her aides asked him for an order to execute Amir Kabir, and executed the order very quickly in Kashan's Fin Bath, before the Shah could rescind the order. Mirza Agha khan Noori became Prime minister and undid most of his reforms.
The Amirkabir University of Technology in Tehran today is named after him in his honor.

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Forough Farrokhzad

Forough Farrokhzad (January 5, 1935 — February 13, 1967) was an Iranian poetess and film director.
Forough Farrokhzad, Parvin E'tesami and Simin Behbahani are usually considered the most famous modern female poets of Iran. Forough Farrokhzad was mainly under the influence of Ebrahim Golestan, a notable Iranian scholar.[1]
Forough was born in Tehran to career military officer Colonel Mohammad Bagher Farrokhzad and his wife Touran Vaziri-Tabar in 1935. She was the third of seven children and attended school until the ninth grade, then learning painting and sewing at a girl's school for the manual arts. At age sixteen or seventeen she was married to Parviz Shapour, an acclaimed satirist. Forough continued her education with classes in painting and sewing and moved with her husband to Ahvaz. A year later, she had her only child, a son named Kāmyār (subject of A Poem for You).
Within two years, in 1954, Forough and her husband divorced. Parviz won custody of the child. She moved back to Tehran to write poetry and published her first volume, entitled The Captive, in 1955.
Forough, as a female divorcée writing controversial poetry with a strong feminine voice, became the focus of much negative attention and open disapproval. In 1958 she spent nine months in Europe and met film-maker/writer Ebrahim Golestan, who inspired her to express herself and live independently. She published two more volumes, The Wall and The Rebellion before going to Tabriz to make a film about Iranians affected by leprosy. This 1962 film was called The House is Black and won awards world-wide. During 12 days of shooting, she became attached to Hossein Mansouri, the child of two lepers, whom she adopted and had live in her mother's house.
In 1963 she published the volume Another Birth and by now her poetry was mature and sophisticated, also being a profound change from previous modern Iranian poetic conventions.
On February 13, 1967, at 4:30 pm, Forough died in a car accident at age thirty-two. In order to avoid hitting a school bus, she swerved her Jeep, which hit a stone wall; she died before reaching the hospital. Her poem Let us believe in the beginning of the cold season was published posthumously and is considered the best-structured modern poem in Persian.
A brief literary biography of Forough, Michael Hillmann's A lonely woman: Forough Farrokhzad and her poetry, was published in 1987. Also about her is a chapter in Farzaneh Milani's work Veils and words: the emerging voices of Iranian women writers (1992).

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Ghaem Magham Farahani

Mirza Abolghasem Ghaem Magham Farahani (Mirza Abu'l-Qasim Farahani Qá'im Maqam) (1779 - June 28, 1835 , Negarestan Garden , Tehran) , Iranian Prime Minister (19th. Century).
He was born in the city of Arak, Iran. His father, Mirza Isa Ghaem Magham Farahani, and Mirza Abolghasem both, had served Qajar family for more than 20 years. Before being prime minister, he was chancellor of Mohammad Mirza's court. He was later betrayed and murdered by the order of Mohammad Shah Qajar in 1835, at the instigation of Haji Mirza Aghasi, who would become the Ghaem Magham's successor. Other than a wise and strong minister, he was a good writer. Monsha'at is one of his books.

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Mahmoud Hessaby
Mahmoud Hessaby (in Persian محمود حسابی - other spellings: Mahmood Hesabi) (February 23, 1903 - September 3, 1992) was a prominent Iranian scientist, researcher and distinguished professor of the University of Tehran.
Hessaby was born in Tehran; at the age of seven he moved to Beirut where he began attending school. At the age of seven he memorised the Qur'an by heart and later he started to read the masterpieces of Persian literature. At the early age of seventeen he obtained his Bachelor's in Arts and Sciences from the American University of Beirut. Later he obtained his B.A. in civil engineering while working as a draftsman. After a short period of time he obtained a B.A. in Mathematics and Astronomy.
He continued his studies and as a graduate of the Engineering school of Beirut was admitted to the École Superieure d'Electricité and in 1925 graduated from this school at the same time he was hired by the French Electric Railway Co. He had a scientific mind and continued his research in Physics at the Sorbonne University and obtained his Ph.D. in Physics from that University at the age of twenty-five.
In 1947, he published his classic papers on "Continuous particles". Then he proposed his model of "Infinitely extended particles" in 1957. The medal of the commandeur de la Légion d'honneur, France's greatest scientific medal, was awarded to him for his achievements.
Mahmoud Hessaby was the only Iranian student of Albert Einstein and during his years of scientific research he had meetings with well-known scientists such as Erwin Schrödinger, Max Born, Enrico Fermi, Paul Dirac, Aage Niels Bohr, and scholars such as Bertrand Russell and André Gide

According to the Professor Hessaby Institute, the following were some of his accomplishments:
•    Founding the Highway Engineering school and teaching there from 1928
•    Survey and drawing of the first coastal road-map between Persian Gulf ports
•    Founding the "teachers college" and teaching there from 1928
•    Construction of the first radio-set in Iran (1928)
•    Construction of the first weather-station in 1931
•    Installation and operation of the first radiology center in Iran in 1931
•    Calculation and setting of Iranian time (1932)
•    Founding the first private hospital in Iran (Goharshad Hospital) in 1933
•    Writing the University carechair and founding Tehran University (1934)
•    Founding the Engineering school in 1934 and acting as the dean of that school until 1936 and teaching there from then on
•    Founding the faculty of science and acting as its dean from 1942 to 1948
•    Commissioned for the dispossession of British Petroleum Company during the government of Dr Mossadegh and appointed as the first general manager of the National Iranian Oil Company
•    Minister of Education in the cabinet of Dr. Mossadegh from 1951 to 1952
•    Opposing the contract with the consortium while in the Senate of Iran in 1954
•    Opposing the membership of Iran in CENTO
•    Founding the Telecommunication Center of Assad-Abad in Hamedan (1959)
•    Writing the standards charter for the standards Institute of Iran (1954)
•    Founding the Geophysical Institute of Tehran University (1961)
•    Title of distinguished professor of Tehran University from 1971
•    Founding the atomic research center and atomic reactor at Tehran University
•    Founding the atomic Energy center of Iran, member of the UN scientific sub-committee of peaceful use of member of the international space committee (1981)
•    Establishment of Iran's space research committee and member of the international space committee (1981)
•    Establishment of the Iranian music society and founding the Persian language Academy
He continued lecturing at University for three working generations, teaching seven generations of students and professors. He spoke five living languages: Persian, French, English, German and Arabic and he also knew a little of Sanskrit, Latin, Greek, Pahlavi, Avestan, Turkish and Italian which he used for his etymological studies.

During the congress on "60 years of physics in Iran" the services rendered by him were deeply appreciated and he was entitled "the father of physics in Iran".
As Hesaby wished, he was buried in his motherland, Tafresh.

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Mohammed Mosaddeq
Dr. Mohammed Mosaddeq (Mossadeq (help•info)) (Persian: محمد مصدق‎ Moḥammad Moṣaddeq, also Mosaddegh or Mossadegh) (19 May 1882 – 5 March 1967) served as the Prime minister of Iran from 1951 to 1953. He was democratically elected to the parliament, and as leader of the nationalists was twice appointed as prime minister by Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the Shah of Iran, after a positive vote of inclination by the parliament.[3] Mossadegh was a nationalist and passionately opposed foreign intervention in Iran. He was also the architect of the nationalization of the Iranian oil industry which had been under British control through the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company, today known as British Petroleum (BP).
Due to a multitude of disagreements with his former allies, especially the communists and Islamists, and disagreements with the Shah and with the parliament over his handling of the talks regarding compensation of the British side, he dissolved the parliament using a referendum to avoid impeachment. This act was characterized as unconstitutional by some of his closest allies as well as opponents, and led to the Shah's dismissing him from office on August 16, 1953 . Mossadegh later insisted that the text of the constitution was subject to interpretation, and that his actions had been in accordance with its spirit rather than its text [9]. He eventually was removed from power on August 19, 1953, by military intervention. The coup was supported and funded by the British and U.S. governments and led by General Fazlollah Zahedi [10]. The American operation to encourage it was run by CIA agent Kermit Roosevelt, Jr.,[11][12] the grandson of U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt, and came to be known as Operation Ajax,[11] after its CIA cryptonym, and as the "28 Mordad 1332" coup, after its date on the Iranian calendar.[13] Dr. Mosaddeq was imprisoned for three years and subsequently put under house arrest, and never again actively participated in politics. He is in many countries considered a symbol of anti-imperialism.

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